The basic building blocks of communication are signals, assembled in various sequences
and combinations, and used in virtually all inter-and intra-specific interactions. While signal …

Signals used to attract mates are often conspicuous to predators and parasites, and their
evolution via sexual selection is expected to be opposed by viability selection. Many …

There is a bewildering diversity of signals, sensory systems, and signaling behavior. A
consideration of how these traits affect each other's evolution explains some of this diversity …

Despite decades of interest, the adaptive significance of the extraordinary diversity in the
design of animal signals remains elusive. It is suggested that signal design consists of two …

Some biologists embrace the classical view that changes in behavior inevitably initiate or
drive evolutionary changes in other traits, yet others note that behavior sometimes inhibits …

Throughout their lives animals must complete many tasks, including finding food, avoiding
predators, attracting mates, and navigating through a complex and dynamic environment …

During courtship, signals are sent between the sexes, and received signals contain
information that forms the basis of decision making. Much is known about signal content, but …

Animal communication systems have evolved so that individuals can make decisions based
upon the behaviour, physiology or morphology of others. Receiving mechanism s probably …

Secondary sexual characters in many species function both in male-male competition and
as cues for female choice. Based on a literature compilation of existing knowledge of traits …

The most commonly heard vocalizations of frogs are advertisement calls, which attract
gravid females and mediate aggressive interactions between males. Frog vocalizations are …