Drug delivery systems (DDS) are defined as methods by which drugs are delivered to
desired tissues, organs, cells and subcellular organs for drug release and absorption …

Transdermal microneedle (MN) patches are a promising tool used to transport a wide variety
of active compounds into the skin. To serve as a substitute for common hypodermic needles …

Background Transdermal delivery has the advantage of bypassing the first-pass effect and
allowing sustained release of the drug. However, the drug delivery is limited owing to the …

Microneedle (MN) patches consisting of miniature needles have emerged as a promising
tool to perforate the stratum corneum and translocate biomolecules into the dermis in a …

Transdermal drug delivery using microneedles is increasingly gaining interest due to the
issues associated with oral drug delivery routes. Gastrointestinal route exposes the drug to …

Cell therapies for the treatment of skin disorders could benefit from simple, safe and efficient
technology for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic cells. Conventional cell delivery by …

Immunotherapy has recently garnered plenty of attention to improve the clinical outcomes in
the treatment of various diseases. However, owing to the dynamic nature of the immune …

In recent years, an innovative transdermal delivery technology has attracted great interest for
its ability to distribute therapeutics and cosmeceuticals for several applications, including …

The microneedle (MN), a highly efficient and versatile device, has attracted extensive
scientific and industrial interests in the past decades due to prominent properties including …

Conventional needle technologies can be advanced with emerging nano-and micro-
fabrication methods to fabricate microneedles. Nano-/micro-fabricated microneedles seek to …