T lymphocytes, the major effector cells in cellular immunity, produce cytokines in immune
responses to mediate inflammation and regulate other types of immune cells. Work in the …

Activated B cells participate in either extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) responses.
Canonical responses are composed of a short wave of plasmablasts (PBs) arising from EF …

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells provide help to B cells, supporting the formation of germinal
centres that allow affinity maturation of antibody responses. Although usually located in …

The identification of CD4+ T cells localizing to B cell follicles has revolutionized the
knowledge of how humoral immunity is generated. Follicular helper T (TFH) cells support …

It is estimated that more than 339 million people worldwide suffer from asthma. The leading
cause of asthma development is the breakdown of immune tolerance to inhaled allergens …

Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells highly express the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) molecule.
Whereas inhibition of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and CD28 co-stimulation is thought to …

Naïve CD4 T cells, on activation, differentiate into distinct T helper (Th) subsets that produce
lineage-specific cytokines. By producing unique sets of cytokines, effector Th subsets play …

Follicular helper T cells (T FH) are essential B cell-help providers in the formation of
germinal centers (GCs), affinity maturation of GC B cells, differentiation of high-affinity …

PD-1, a negative coreceptor expressed on antigen-stimulated T cells and B cells, seems to
serve as a'rheostat'of the immune response. The molecular mechanisms of the functions of …

Abstract Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13, the signature cytokines that are produced during
type 2 immune responses, are critical for protective immunity against infections of …