Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

Climate change has multiple effects on Baltic Sea species, communities and ecosystem
functioning through changes in physical and biogeochemical environmental characteristics …

Coastal lakes are subject to multiple stressors, among which land use, hydrological
connectivity, and salinity have the greatest effect on their biodiversity. We studied the effects …

Macrophytes vary in their ability to utilize carbon in the form of HCO3− and/or CO2 for
photosynthesis. Some functional groups that solely use CO2 for photosynthesis could …

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere are causing reduction in
the global ocean pH, also known as ocean acidification. This change alters the equilibrium …

Microorganisms associated with aquatic macrophytes can in various ways interact with a
plant and influence its activity and vice versa. A low-salinity intrusion into freshwater …

Phytobenthic communities consist of macrophytes (macroalgae, vascular plants and
mosses) with their accompanying fauna and microorganisms. 2. The phytobenthic …

An understanding of the nature of scale-dependence in macroalgal production and to
quantify how primary production is incorporated into autotrophic biomass requires an …

Seagrasses are distributed across the globe and their communities may play key roles in the
coastal ecosystems. Seagrass meadows are expected to benefit from the increased carbon …

The marine red macroalga Gracilaria lemaneiformis usually experiences a changing
carbonate system during mariculture. Thalli of G. lemaneiformis collected from Nanao Island …