Hyrcanian forests are a green belt of deciduous forests in the south of the Caspian Sea
whose integrity and survival of its commercial species, such as the chestnut-leaved oak …

The location of pith in a cross-sectional surface of wood can be used to either evaluate its
quality or guide the removal of soft wood from the wood stem. There have been many …

Although the anatomical tracts of the stem are used to assess the vegetative vigor of different
crops, little is known about which characteristics of the vascular system contribute to the …

Plantation forests were originally established in South Africa to meet an increasing demand
for solid wood products as there was a limited supply from native forests. The majority of the …

Understanding tree stability under self-weight and applied loads from wind and snow is
important when developing management strategies to reduce the risk of damage from these …

Key message Korean pine trees expressed significant crown displacement. Nearest
neighbor competition had the largest effect on the crown displacement compared to the …

Although skid roads are more and more commonly used in Poland, they are still quite often
criticised due to a certain loss of wood volume and the impact on edge trees. In this context …

Image analysis is an important method for rapidly measuring wood property variation, but it
is infrequently applied to disks collected from forestry studies. The objective of this study was …

Buttressing consists of ground-upward deformations from the circular cross section of a tree
and can be quite pronounced in tropical species, thus making the measurement of lower …

In this paper, we present an algorithm for pith estimation from digital images of wood cross-
sections. The method is based on a probabilistic approach, namely ant colony optimization …