Recent work has provided new insights into how altered B cell-intrinsic signals—through the
B cell receptor (BCR) and key co-receptors—function together to promote the pathogenesis …

Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X‐linked primary immunodeficiency characterized
by microthrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections, and an increased incidence of …

The actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell mechanics and has increasingly been implicated
in the regulation of cell signalling. In B cells, the actin cytoskeleton is extensively coupled to …

Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked primary immunodeficiency disorder
characterized by the triad of eczema, thrombocytopenia, and severe and often recurrent …

Abstract Proteins of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family play a central role
in regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics in a wide range of cellular processes. Genetic …

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an intracellular signaling molecule first identified as the
molecule affected in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) patients, who almost completely …

Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is a severe X-linked Primary Immunodeficiency that affects
1–10 out of 1 million male individuals. WAS is caused by mutations in the WAS Protein …

8. Dorner T, Lipsky PE. Molecular basis of immunoglobulin variable region gene usage in
systemic autoimmunity. Clin Exp Med 2005; 4: 159-69. 9. Vlkova M, Fronkova E, Kanderova …

The importance of the cytoskeleton in mounting a successful immune response is evident
from the wide range of defects that occur in actin‐related primary immunodeficiencies (PID …

Germinal centers (GCs) are dynamic microenvironments that form in the secondary
lymphoid organs and generate somatically mutated high-affinity antibodies necessary to …