Animals often exhibit consistent-individual differences (CIDs) in boldness/fearfulness,
typically studied in the context of predation risk. We focus here on fear generalization, where …

Colour polymorphic species are model systems for examining the evolutionary processes
that generate and maintain discrete phenotypic variation in natural populations. Lizards …

Studying animals in urban environments is especially challenging because much of the area
is private property not easily accessible to professional scientists. In addition, collecting data …

Birds exhibit variation in fear behaviour in response to an approaching human within and
between species and across different habitat contexts. We analyze urban and rural …

Habituation to novel stimuli has been associated with behavioural differences among
individuals in numerous animal species. Because the habituation mechanisms depend on …

Many biological invasions occur within and between urban areas. If native species adapted
to anthropogenically altered habitats are subsequently moved from an urban area in their …

Anthropogenic disturbances are widely recognized for their far-reaching consequences on
the survival and reproduction of wildlife, but we understand comparatively little about their …

Simple Summary Humans can alter the habitat quality and negatively affect many animals.
However, some species seem able to cope with or even take advantage of these alterations …

Increased tourism pressure modifies animal behavior, including alterations in anti-predator
responses and foraging activity. In areas with high tourist presence, animals may become …

Urbanization is a global phenomenon that involves the transformation of natural areas into
urban spaces, thereby subjecting organisms to new selective pressures including a wide …