The results of many studies in a variety of species have significantly advanced our
understanding of the role of visual experience and the mechanisms of postnatal eye growth …

This review summarizes the experimental evidence in support of dopamine's role as a
chemical messenger for light adaptation. Dopamine is released by a unique set of amacrine …

Circadian clocks are self-sustaining genetically based molecular machines that impose∼
24h rhythmicity on physiology and behavior that synchronize these functions with the solar …

Although rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the vertebrate retina are anatomically
connected or coupled by gap junctions, a type of electrical synapse, rod-cone electrical …

In the vertebrate retina, melatonin is synthesized by the photoreceptors with high levels of
melatonin at night and lower levels during the day. Melatonin exerts its influence by …

The involvement of the choroid in ocular growth regulation has been postulated in studies
showing that refractive errors correlate with alterations in choroidal thickness (ChT). The …

Gap junctions in retinal photoreceptors suppress voltage noise and facilitate input of rod
signals into the cone pathway during mesopic vision. These synapses are highly plastic and …

Abstract Circadian (24-h) clocks are cell-autonomous biological oscillators that orchestrate
many aspects of our physiology on a daily basis. Numerous circadian rhythms in …

The influence of the mammalian retinal circadian clock on retinal physiology and function is
widely recognized, yet the cellular elements and neural regulation of retinal circadian …

Neuromodulators such as dopamine, enable context-dependent plasticity of neural circuit
function throughout the central nervous system. For example, in the retina, dopamine tunes …