Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Significant experimental, computational, and theoretical work has identified rich structure
within the coordinated activity of interconnected neural populations. An emerging challenge …

Animal behavior is shaped by a variety of" internal states"—partially hidden variables that
profoundly shape perception, cognition, and action. The neural basis of internal states, such …

Optogenetic actuators enable highly precise spatiotemporal interrogation of biological
processes at levels ranging from the subcellular to cells, circuits and behaving organisms …

Modern optogenetics can be tuned to evoke activity that corresponds to naturally occurring
local or global activity in timing, magnitude or individual-cell patterning. This outcome has …

Tremendous progress has been made since Neuron published our Primer on genetic
dissection of neural circuits 10 years ago. Since then, cell-type-specific anatomical …

The motor cortex controls skilled arm movement by sending temporal patterns of activity to
lower motor centres. Local cortical dynamics are thought to shape these patterns throughout …

Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that tile the CNS. They interact with multiple cell types,
including neurons, glial cells and blood vessels, and are involved or implicated in brain …

Cortical gain regulation allows neurons to respond adaptively to changing inputs. Neural
gain is modulated by internal and external influences, including attentional and arousal …

Neuronal representations change as associations are learned between sensory stimuli and
behavioral actions. However, it is poorly understood whether representations for learned …