CLC anion transporters are found in all phyla and form a gene family of eight members in
mammals. Two CLC proteins, each of which completely contains an ion translocation …

The protonation state of soluble and membrane-associated macromolecules dictates their
charge, conformation, and functional activity. In addition, protons (H+ or their equivalents) …

In non-viral gene therapy, cationic polymers and lipids are frequently used to encapsulate
macromolecular therapeutics into nanoparticles. During their journey to deliver the cargo to …

Various artificial transmembrane transporters, designed to function through mobile carrier or
channel mechanisms, have been developed in the past decade. With the aid of structural …

The success of fluorescence experiments requires attention to experimental details and an
understanding of the instrumentation. There are also many potential artifacts that can distort …

The ability to spatiotemporally identify the formation of specific anionic species, or track
changes in their concentration inside living systems, is of critical importance in deciphering …

Surface-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) can be used as an efficient
and safe carrier for bioactive molecules. In order to make the MSNP a more efficient delivery …

Background The relatively high transfection efficiency of polyethylenimine (PEI) vectors has
been hypothesized to be due to their ability to avoid trafficking to degradative lysosomes …

The" proton sponge hypothesis" postulates enhanced transgene delivery by cationic
polymer-DNA complexes (polyplexes) containing H+ buffering polyamines by enhanced …

Endosomes, lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles are emerging as important Ca2+
storage cellular compartments with a central role in intracellular Ca2+ signalling …