Paranasal sinuses are highly variable among living and fossil hominins and their function (s)
are poorly understood. It has been argued they serve no particular function and are …

The human skull is gracile when compared to many Middle Pleistocene hominins. It has
been argued that it is less able to generate and withstand high masticatory forces, and that …

Plant cellular materials present a complex arrangement responsible for their properties;
thus, investigating them is essential to understand their macro-performance. Noninvasive …

It is generally accepted that the periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a crucial role in
transferring occlusal forces from the teeth to the alveolar bone. Studies using finite element …

Finite element analyses (FEA) that have simulated masticatory loadings of the human
mandible differ significantly with regard to their basic input variables such as material …

Uniquely, with respect to Middle Pleistocene hominins, anatomically modern humans do not
possess marked browridges, and have a more vertical forehead with mobile eyebrows that …

The Ceprano calvarium was discovered in fragments on March 1994 near the town of
Ceprano in southern Latium (Italy), embedded in Middle Pleistocene layers. After …

Models are mathematical representations of systems, processes or phenomena. In
biomechanics, finite-element modelling (FEM) can be a powerful tool, allowing biologists to …

Finite element analysis (FEA) is a modelling technique increasingly used in anatomical
studies investigating skeletal form and function. In the case of the cranium this approach has …

The modern human mandibular symphysis differs from those of all other primates in being
vertically orientated and possessing a chin, but the functional significance of this unique …