Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA
damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies …

Non-targeted effects (NTE) have been generally regarded as a low-dose ionizing radiation
(IR) phenomenon. Recently, regarding long distant abscopal effects have also been …

Cells exposed to ionizing radiation undergo a series of complex responses, including DNA
damage, reproductive cell death, and altered proliferation states, which are all linked to cell …

Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, play a pivotal role in the
modulation of neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in many diseases …

FRA1 (FOSL1) is a transcription factor and a member of the activator protein-1 superfamily.
FRA1 is expressed in most tissues at low levels, and its expression is robustly induced in …

The linear no-threshold (LNT) model was introduced into the radiological protection system
about 60 years ago, but this model and its use in radiation protection are still debated today …

The hallmarks of cancer have been the focus of much research and have influenced the
development of risk models for radiation-induced cancer. However, natural defenses against …

Exposure of aircrew to cosmic radiation has been recognized as an occupational health risk
for several decades. Based on the recommendations by the International Commission on …

Life has evolved on Earth for about 4 billion years in the presence of the natural background
of ionizing radiation. It is extremely likely that it contributed, and still contributes, to shaping …

Over the years, the advancement of radio diagnostic imaging tools and techniques has
radically improved the diagnosis of different pathophysiological conditions, accompanied by …