Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia is the definitive, comprehensive
reference for the growing fields of zoo, wildlife, and exotic animal veterinary medicine. This …

Surgical intervention and painful conditions often apply to avian patients that are presented
to veterinary hospitals. Therefore, anesthesia and analgesia are an important part of the …

Safe and effective sedation methods are as much important for small pet birds as for the
other animals not only for surgical procedures but also for safe handling and diagnostic and …

The comparative efficacy of Diazepam, Ketamine, and Ketamine-Diazepam combination
was assessed in adult chickens. The chickens (n= 30) were divided into three equal groups …

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to compare the synergistic efficacy of detomidine,
ketamine and their cocktail in pigeons (Columba livia). For this study, 15 adult and healthy …

In this study, heart and respiratory rates, cloacal temperature, and quality of sedation were
evaluated before (0 min) and after (10, 20, and 30 min) im administration of xylazine (10 …

Objective To examine the anesthetic effects of a xylazine‐diazepam‐ketamine (XDK)
combination in roosters. Study design Prospective experimental trial. Animals Six healthy …

Background: Several injectable anaesthetics and sedatives are used in various avian
species for general anaesthesia. Birds are very sensitive animals and any mismanagement …

Standard limb, six lead (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF) electrocardiograms (ECGs) were
recorded in 10 awake mature rock partridges (Alectoris graeca) and 10 chukar partridges …

Avian respiratory and cardiovascular physiology is reviewed here only as it applies to
anaesthesia and management of the anaesthetized avian patient. This chapter opens …