This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse
class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in …

Neuropeptides are a diverse class of neuronal signalling molecules that regulate
physiological processes and behaviour in animals. However, determining the relationships …

Social insects are emerging models to study how gene regulation affects behavior because
their colonies comprise individuals with the same genomes but greatly different behavioral …

Stress triggers cellular and systemic reactions in organisms to restore homeostasis. For
instance, metabolic stress, experienced during starvation, elicits a hormonal response that …

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was first discovered in mammals on account of its
effect in triggering pituitary release of gonadotropins and the importance of this discovery …

In humans, as in the other mammals, the neuroendocrine control of reproduction is ensured
by the brain-pituitary gonadotropic axis. Multiple internal and environmental cues are …

Neuropeptides are the most diverse class of chemical modulators in nervous systems. They
contribute to extensive modulation of circuit activity and have profound influences on animal …

Neuropeptides are diverse signaling molecules in animals commonly acting through G-
protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Neuropeptides and their receptors underwent extensive …

Background Many echinoderms form seasonal aggregations prior to spawning. In some
fecund species, a spawning event can lead to population outbreaks with detrimental …

Hemichordates are an important group for investigating the evolution of bilaterian nervous
systems. As the closest chordate outgroup with a bilaterally symmetric adult body plan …