Background: Plastics have conveyed great benefits to humanity and made possible some of
the most significant advances of modern civilization in fields as diverse as medicine …

Plastic wastes have posed serious threats to the environment, including decrease of soil
nutrient effectiveness and agricultural production as well as emerge of ecological instability …

The global accumulation of plastic waste has reached crisis levels. The diverse and
multilayered impacts of plastic on biological health prompts an evaluation of these effects …

Discarded plastic wastes in the environment are serious challenges for sustainable waste
management and for the delivery of environmental and public health. Plastics in the …

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a sudden global increase in the production, consumption,
and mismanagement of personal protective equipment (PPE). As plastic-based PPE such as …

Over the past 50 years, the emergence of plastic waste as one of the most urgent
environmental problems in the world has given rise to several proposals to address the …

In addition to specific antibiotic resistance, the formation of bacterial biofilm causes another
level of complications in attempts to eradicate pathogenic or harmful bacteria, including …

Macroplastics are ubiquitous in aquaculture ecosystems. However, to date the potential role
of plastics as a support for bacterial biofilm that can include potential human pathogenic …

The ubiquitous and global ecological footprint arising from the rapidly increasing rates of
plastic production, use, and release into the environment is an important modern …

Approximately 9 million metric tons of plastics enters the ocean annually, and once in the
marine environment, plastic surfaces can be quickly colonised by marine microorganisms …