Epithelial surfaces protect exposed tissues in the body against intrusion of foreign materials,
including xenobiotics, pollen and microbiota. The relative permeability of the various …

Introduction: Early dry powder inhalers (DPIs) were designed for low drug doses in asthma
and COPD therapy. Nearly all concepts contained carrier-based formulations and lacked …

In the 50 years following the introduction of the first dry powder inhaler to the market, several
developments have occurred. Multiple-unit dose and multi-dose devices have been …

Introduction: Respiratory drug delivery is a surprisingly complex process with a number of
physical and biological challenges. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a scientific …

The dynamics of respiratory airflows and the associated transport mechanisms of inhaled
aerosols characteristic of the deep regions of the lungs are of broad interest in assessing …

The major problem in understanding the therapeutically targeted drug delivery system in the
deeper airways of the human lung is the lack of adequate data of particle transport and …

Drug dosing in critically ill patients is challenging due to the altered drug pharmacokinetics–
pharmacodynamics associated with systemic therapies. For many drug therapies, there is …

In recent years there is an increasing interest in the pulmonary delivery of large cohesive
powder doses, ie drugs with a low potency such as antibiotics or drugs with a high potency …

Purpose CFD provides a powerful approach to evaluate the deposition of pharmaceutical
aerosols; however, previous studies have not compared CFD results of deposition …

Orally inhaled products have well-known benefits. They allow for effective local
administration of many drugs for the treatment of pulmonary disease, and they allow for …