Chloroplasts are essential organelles in the cells of plants and algae. The functions of these
specialized plastids are largely dependent on the~ 3000 proteins residing in the organelle …

This review summarizes current works concerning the effects of electrical signals (ESs) on
photosynthesis, the mechanisms of the effects, and its physiological role in plants. Local …

Photosynthesis is a key process in plants that can be strongly affected by the actions of
environmental stressors. The stressor-induced photosynthetic responses are based on …

Chloroplasts originated from an endosymbiotic event in which a free-living cyanobacterium
was engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic host. During evolution the majority of the …

Electrical signals (action potential and variation potential, VP) caused by environmental
stimuli are known to induce various physiological responses in plants, including changes in …

Photosynthesis is an important target of action of numerous environmental factors; in
particular, stressors can strongly affect photosynthetic light reactions. Considering relations …

Abstract Ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase (FNR) catalyzes the last step of linear electron
transfer in photosynthetic light reactions. The FAD cofactor of FNR accepts two electrons …

During photosynthesis, electron transport is necessary for carbon assimilation and must be
regulated to minimize free radical damage. There is a longstanding controversy over the role …

In linear photosynthetic electron transport, ferredoxin: NADP (H) oxidoreductase (FNR)
transfers electrons from ferredoxin (Fd) to NADP+. Both NADPH and reduced Fd (Fdred) are …

At the end of the linear photosynthetic electron transfer (PET) chain, the small soluble
protein ferredoxin (Fd) transfers electrons to Fd: NADP (H) oxidoreductase (FNR), which can …