Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive anaerobe that can cause a spectrum of disorders
that range in severity from mild diarrhoea to fulminant colitis and/or death. The bacterium …

Diarrhea is a common problem to the whole world and the occurrence of diarrhea is highly
associated with gut microbiota, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Generally, diarrheal …

The mucosal lining of the gut has co-evolved with a diverse microbiota over millions of
years, leading to the development of specialized mechanisms to actively limit the invasion of …

Defining the complex role of the microbiome in colorectal cancer and the discovery of novel,
protumorigenic microbes are areas of active investigation. In the present study, culturing and …

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of healthcare-associated
gastrointestinal infections,. The exaggerated colonic inflammation caused by C. difficile …

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) maintains intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and is a key
component of organoid growth media yet is dispensable for intestinal homeostasis …

Infectious diseases are a major threat worldwide. With the alarming rise of antimicrobial
resistance and emergence of new potential pathogens, a better understanding of the …

Large clostridial toxins (LCTs) are a family of bacterial exotoxins that infiltrate and destroy
target cells. Members of the LCT family include Clostridioides difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB …

The emergence of hypervirulent clade 2 Clostridioides difficile is associated with severe
symptoms and accounts for> 20% of global infections. TcdB is a dominant virulence factor of …

C. difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal infections. Two C. difficile
exotoxins (TcdA and TcdB) are major virulence factors associated with these infections, and …