Tissue engineering represents an advanced approach to treating patients who have
suffered tissue or organ loss or failure, with the ultimate goals of tissue restoration and …

Hydrogels are highly biocompatible biomaterials composed of crosslinked three-
dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers. Owing to their natural origin, polysaccharide …

Chronic diabetic wounds have become a major healthcare challenge worldwide. Improper
treatment may lead to serious complications. Current treatment methods including biological …

3D printed/bioprinted tissue constructs are being used in vitro models and for the
regeneration of damaged tissues. Most of the fabricated 3D constructs fail to undergo …

Skin wounds are susceptible to microbial infections which commonly lead to the delayed
wound healing. Rapid clearance of pathogens from the wound is of great significance and …

When skin is damaged or affected by diseases, it often undergoes irreversible scar
formation, leading to aesthetic concerns and psychological distress for patients. In cases of …

Currently, tissue engineering has been dedicated to the development of 3D structures
through bioprinting techniques that aim to obtain personalized, dynamic, and complex …

Bioprinting describes the printing of biomaterials and cell-laden or cell-free hydrogels with
various combinations of embedded bioactive molecules. It encompasses the precise …

Oral administration is the most simple, noninvasive, convenient treatment. With the
increasing demands on the targeted drug delivery, the traditional oral treatment now is …

Microneedles are a transdermal drug delivery system in which the needle punctures the
epithelium to deliver the drug directly to deep tissues, thus avoiding the influence of the first …