Speciation, the evolution of reproductive isolation among populations, is continuous,
complex, and involves multiple, interacting barriers. Until it is complete, the effects of this …

Recombination, the exchange of DNA between maternal and paternal chromosomes during
meiosis, is an essential feature of sexual reproduction in nearly all multicellular organisms …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

As populations diverge, genetic differences accumulate across the genome. Spurred by
rapid developments in sequencing technology, genome-wide population surveys of natural …

Adaptive radiations represent some of the most remarkable explosions of diversification
across the tree of life. However, the constraints to rapid diversification and how they are …

The increasing availability of genomic resequencing data sets and high-quality reference
genomes across the tree of life present exciting opportunities for comparative population …

Ecological speciation is the process by which reproductively isolated populations emerge as
a consequence of divergent natural or ecologically-mediated sexual selection. Most …

The repeated adaptation of oceanic threespine sticklebacks to fresh water has made it a
premier organism to study parallel evolution. These small fish have multiple distinct …

Genomic comparisons of closely related species have identified “islands” of locally elevated
sequence divergence. Genomic islands may contain functional variants involved in local …

Identifying genomic regions underlying adaptation in extant lineages is key to understanding
the trajectories along which biodiversity evolves. However, this task is complicated by …