Amino acid transporters (AATs) are membrane-bound transport proteins that mediate
transfer of amino acids into and out of cells or cellular organelles. AATs have diverse …

After providing a personal description of the convoluted path leading 25 years ago to the
molecular identification of the Torpedo Cl− channel ClC‐0 and the discovery of the CLC …

Vesicular transporters (VTs) define the type of neurotransmitter that synaptic vesicles (SVs)
store and release. While certain mammalian neurons release multiple transmitters, it is not …

Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. To maintain
synaptic efficacy, recycling synaptic vesicles (SV) are refilled with glutamate by vesicular …

The ability of presynaptic dopamine terminals to tune neurotransmitter release to meet the
demands of neuronal activity is critical to neurotransmission. Although vesicle content has …

Synaptic vesicles accumulate neurotransmitters, enabling the quantal release by exocytosis
that underlies synaptic transmission. Specific neurotransmitter transporters are responsible …

Vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatases (V-ATPases),–are electrogenic rotary
mechanoenzymes structurally related to F-type ATP synthases,. They hydrolyse ATP to …

Multiple discoveries made since the identification of vesicular glutamate transporters
(VGLUTs) two decades ago revealed that many neuronal populations in the brain use …

Vesicular glutamate transporters accumulate glutamate in synaptic vesicles, where they also
function as a major Cl-efflux pathway. Here we combine heterologous expression and …

Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) control quantal size of glutamatergic
transmission and have been the center of numerous studies over the past two decades …