Protein traffic is of critical importance for normal cellular physiology. In eukaryotes, spherical
transport vesicles move proteins and lipids from one internal membrane-bound …

Although best understood as a degradative pathway, recent evidence demonstrates
pronounced involvement of the macroautophagic/autophagic molecular machinery in …

Macroautophagy mediates the degradation of long-lived proteins and organelles via the de
novo formation of double-membrane autophagosomes that sequester cytoplasm and deliver …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex environment where cancer cells reside and
interact with different types of cells, secreted factors, and the extracellular matrix …

Abstract Development of the nervous system requires extensive axonal and dendritic growth
during which neurons massively increase their surface area. Here we report that the …

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins
constitute the core membrane fusion machinery of intracellular transport and intercellular …

The mechanism of cargo concentration into ER-derived vesicles involves interactions
between the COPII vesicular coat complex and cargo transport signals—peptide sequences …

Longins are the only R-SNAREs that are common to all eukaryotes and are characterized by
a conserved N-terminal domain with a profilin-like fold called a longin domain (LD). These …

SNAREs provide the specificity and energy for the fusion of vesicles with their target
membrane, but how they are sorted into the appropriate vesicles on post-Golgi trafficking …

Ricin can be isolated from the seeds of the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis). It belongs
to the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) family of toxins classified as a bio-threat agent due …