Background The changing prevalence and patterns of tobacco use, the advent of novel
nicotine delivery devices, and the development of new biomarkers prompted an update of …

Abstract Background: Results of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study demonstrated that, for
the same quantity of cigarettes smoked, African Americans and Native Hawaiians have a …

Abstract The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK) is a powerful lung carcinogen in animal models and is considered a causative factor …

The evolution of the levels of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA), N-nitrosonornicotine
(NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in mainstream (MS) …

We examined the relationship between the tobacco industry and the journal Regulatory
Toxicology and Pharmacology (RTP) using the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library …

Introduction: Tobacco smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, including known
carcinogens, such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). TSNA levels in cigarettes vary …

Among the most potent carcinogens in tobacco are the tobacco-specific nitrosamines
(TSNAs), with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) being the most potent …

Smokeless tobacco (ST) products are characterized by enormous diversity of types and
formulations. Many are made with complex mixtures of ingredients and processes that can …

Tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are among the most potent carcinogens found in
cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products. Decreases in TSNA detoxification, particularly 4 …

Assessment of potentially reduced risk tobacco products (PRRPs) can be facilitated with
availability of a single baseline population estimate for biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for …