Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain
activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among the metabolic …

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a bilateral communication network between the gastrointestinal
(GI) tract and the central nervous system. The essential amino acid tryptophan contributes to …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease
characterized by motor dysfunction. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut dysbiosis …

The gut microbiome has been linked to fear extinction learning in animal models. Here, we
aimed to explore the gut microbiome and memory domains according to obesity status. A …

The gastrointestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that contains a large number of
microorganisms with different metabolic capacities. Modulation of the gut microbiome can …

Probiotics are live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts, present
a health benefit for the host. While the beneficial effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal …

Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body
systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which …

The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a complex bidirectional communication network connecting the
gut and brain. It involves neural, immune, and endocrine communication pathways between …

Depression is a mood disorder with a high prevalence rate globally, which is associated with
abnormalities in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that …

Antimicrobials are the most commonly prescribed drugs in the swine industry. While
antimicrobials are an effective treatment for serious bacterial infections, their use has been …