Constraining the core's composition is essential for understanding Earth accretion, core
formation and the sustainment of Earth's magnetic field. Earth's outer and inner core exhibit …

This article reviews our current understanding of terrestrial planet formation. The focus is on
computer simulations of the dynamical aspects of the accretion process. Throughout the …

Earth's water, intrinsic oxidation state and metal core density are fundamental chemical
features of our planet. Studies of exoplanets provide a useful context for elucidating the …

Ultracool dwarfs (UCD; T eff<∼ 3000 K) cool to settle on the main sequence after∼ 1 Gyr.
For brown dwarfs, this cooling never stops. Their habitable zones (HZ) thus sweeps inward …

Exoplanet surveys around M dwarfs have detected a growing number of exoplanets with
Earth-like insolation. It is expected that some of those planets are rocky planets with the …

We review the origin and evolution of the atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars from the
time when their accreting bodies were released from the protoplanetary disk a few million …

The composition and state of Earth's core, located deeper than 2,900 km from the surface,
remain largely uncertain. Recent static experiments on iron and alloys performed up to inner …

The current state and surface conditions of the Earth and its twin planet Venus are drastically
different. Whether these differences are directly inherited from the earliest stages of …

To date, no accretion model has succeeded in reproducing all observed constraints in the
inner Solar System. These constraints include:(1) the orbits, in particular the small …

Earth is the one known example of an inhabited planet and to current knowledge the likeliest
site of the one known origin of life. Here we discuss the origin of Earth's atmosphere and …