Mesoscale phenomena are ubiquitous and highly energetic features of ocean circulation.
Their influence on biological and biogeochemical processes varies widely, stemming not …

This article reviews the progress in research on North Pacific mode waters of the past
decade from the physical oceanographic perspective. The accumulation of satellite altimeter …

Accurate observational estimation of the ocean surface heat, momentum, and freshwater
fluxes is crucial for studies of the global climate system. Estimating surface flux using …

Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous features of ocean circulation that modulate the supply of
nutrients to the upper sunlit ocean, influencing the rates of carbon fixation and export. The …

Abstract The Kuroshio Extension (KE) flows eastward at the northern boundary of the North
Pacific subtropical gyre. By transporting large amounts of seawater with heat, the KE …

Subtropical Mode Water (STMW), characterized by vertically uniform temperature of~ 17° C,
is distributed horizontally over 5000 kilometers at the 100-to 500-meter depths in the …

While modelling studies suggest that mesoscale eddies strengthen the subduction of mode
waters, this eddy effect has never been observed in the field. Here we report results from a …

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are extreme ocean warming events that can have devastating
impacts, from biological mortalities to irreversible redistributions within the ocean ecosystem …

A unique feature of the subtropical South Indian Ocean is the existence of anticyclonic
eddies that have higher chlorophyll concentrations than cyclonic eddies. Off Western …

A (an) cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy is usually associated with a cold (warm) core caused by
the eddy-induced divergence (convergence) motion. However, there are also some cyclonic …