Nutritional symbionts play a major role in the ecology and evolution of insects. The recent
accumulation of knowledge on the identity, function, genomics, and phylogenetic …

▪ Abstract Host plant quality is a key determinant of the fecundity of herbivorous insects.
Components of host plant quality (such as carbon, nitrogen, and defensive metabolites) …

Insect galls are dramatic examples of extended phenotypes: although composed of host
plant tissues, their development is largely controlled by insect genes. Adaptive explanations …

Ecology is characterized by a rapidly growing complexity and diversity of facts, aspects,
examples, and observations. What is badly needed is the development of common patterns …

Gall-inducing insects are iconic examples in the manipulation and reprogramming of plant
development, inducing spectacular morphological and physiological changes of host-plant …

▪ Abstract Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) are characterized by
possession of complex cyclically parthenogenetic life cycles and the ability to induce a wide …

Five hypotheses were invoked to account for variation in galling species number per
location on plants of different structural complexity, namely herbs, shrubs, and trees, both in …

▪ Abstract Many unusual features of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) can be explained
as historical legacy. Developmental specializations in ancestral coccoids resulted in a …

▪ Abstract Herbivore offense describes traits that allow herbivores to increase their feeding
and other uses of host plants when these uses benefit the herbivores. We argue that …

We studied the relationship between habitat moisture and gall-forming insect populations.
Population sizes for most galling taxa were significantly larger in xeric habitats compared …