Genetically engineered mouse models are commonly preferred for studying the human
disease due to genetic and pathophysiological similarities between mice and humans. In …

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main intermediate filament protein in mature
astrocytes, but also an important component of the cytoskeleton in astrocytes during …

Oligodendroglia support axon survival and function through mechanisms independent of
myelination, and their dysfunction leads to axon degeneration in several diseases. The …

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are powerful tools for systems
neuroscience. Recent efforts in protein engineering have significantly increased the …

Transcranical direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a treatment known to ameliorate various
neurological conditions and enhance memory and cognition in humans. tDCS has gained …

Both observational and perturbational technologies are essential for advancing the
understanding of brain function and dysfunction. But while observational techniques have …

Synaptic inhibition is based on both tonic and phasic release of the inhibitory transmitter γ-
aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although phasic GABA release arises from Ca2+-dependent …

Early life stress (ELS) induces long-term phenotypic adaptations that contribute to increased
vulnerability to a host of neuropsychiatric disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA …

Rett's syndrome (RTT) is an X-chromosome-linked autism spectrum disorder caused by loss
of function of the transcription factor methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Although …

The developing central nervous system of vertebrates contains an abundant cell type
designated radial glial cells. These cells are known as guiding cables for migrating neurons …