Human breast milk (HBM) is not only an indispensable source of nutrients for early human
growth and development, supplying components that support infant growth and …

Here, we review what is known about the microorganisms present in raw milk, including milk
from cows, sheep, goats and humans. Milk, due to its high nutritional content, can support a …

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a family of structurally diverse unconjugated
glycans that are highly abundant in and unique to human milk. Originally, HMOs were …

Human milk has been traditionally considered sterile; however, recent studies have shown
that it represents a continuous supply of commensal, mutualistic and/or potentially probiotic …

Neonatal gut microbiota establishment represents a crucial stage for gut maturation,
metabolic and immunologic programming, and consequently short-and long-term health …

Written and edited by leading physicians, Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession,
9th Edition, offers comprehensive, dependable information and guidance in this multifaceted …

The gut microbiome is not a silent ecosystem but exerts several physiological and
immunological functions. For many decades, lactobacilli have been used as an effective …

Human milk contains a dynamic and complex site-specific microbiome, which is not
assembled in an aleatory way, formed by organized microbial consortia and networks …

The presence of bacteria in human milk has been acknowledged since the seventies. For a
long time, microbiological analysis of human milk was only performed in case of infections …

Background: Some studies have been conducted to assess the composition of the bacterial
communities inhabiting human milk, but they did not evaluate the presence of other …