Purpose To estimate the global lifetime prevalence rate of anabolic-androgenic steroid
(AAS) use and investigate moderators of the prevalence rate. Methods A meta-analysis and …

Background The prevalence of doping in competitive sport, and the methods for assessing
prevalence, remain poorly understood. This reduces the ability of researchers, governments …

Objectives To estimate the overall prevalence of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) users
seeking support from physicians. Secondary objectives are to compare this prevalence in …

The use of performance enhancing drugs, also known as doping, can represent a serious
threat to an athlete's psychological and physical health and contravenes the spirit of sport …

This paper qualitatively explores national level athletes' willingness to report doping in sport.
Following ethical approval, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine national …

Although there are few high-profile cases of adolescent athletes being caught doping, up to
a third of young athletes may dope. In order to generate a more accurate understanding of …

A significant barrier to understanding the psychosocial antecedents of doping use among
adolescent athletes is the lack of valid measures. In order to address this issue, the first aim …

The use of prohibited performance enhancing substances (PESs) is well-documented
among athletes, and includes student athletes in institutions of higher learning. In addition to …

Background: The use of sport supplements has increased for all types and levels of sport,
with an estimated increase of 5.8% annually. Sport supplement usage and doping among …

Background Use of performance enhancing substances (PES) is common among athletes
with a worldwide prevalence ranging from 5% to 31%. There has been little knowledge of …