The pulmonary epithelium is divided into upper, lower, and alveolar (or small) airway
epithelia and acts as the mechanical and immunological barrier between the external …

Host cell metabolism can be modulated by viral infection, affecting viral survival or
clearance. Yet the cellular metabolism rewiring mediated by the N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) …

Animal models have been an important tool for the development of influenza virus vaccines
since the 1940s. Over the past 80 years, influenza virus vaccines have evolved into more …

Mito-SEPs are small open reading frame-encoded peptides that localize to the mitochondria
to regulate metabolism. Motivated by an intriguing negative association between mito-SEPs …

Influenza viruses pose a substantial threat to human and animal health worldwide. Recent
studies in mouse models have revealed an indispensable role for the innate immune system …

Septins are a family of 14 cytoskeletal proteins that dynamically form hetero-oligomers and
organize membrane microdomains for protein complexes. The previously reported …

Influenza A virus (IAV) has a higher genetic variation, leading to the poor efficiency of
traditional vaccine and antiviral strategies targeting viral proteins. Therefore, developing …

Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) are a family of redox chaperones that catalyze formation
or isomerization of disulfide bonds in proteins. Previous studies have shown that one …

Virus reprogramming of host cellular function is a critical strategy for viral survival and
replication. A better understanding of virus-host interaction may provide new potential …

Influenza A is a serious pathogen itself, but often leads to dangerous co-infections in
combination with bacterial species such as Streptococcus pyogenes. In comparison to …