Diabetes mellitus affects the kidney in stages. At the onset of diabetes mellitus, in a subset of
diabetic patients the kidneys grow large, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) becomes …

Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. A better understanding
of the molecular mechanism involved in the early changes of the diabetic kidney may permit …

Novel pharmacologic treatment options reduce mortality and morbidity in a cost‐effective
manner in patients with heart failure (HF). Undisputedly, the effective implementation of …

Diabetes mellitus contributes greatly to morbidity, mortality, and overall health care costs. In
major part, these outcomes derive from the high incidence of progressive kidney dysfunction …

Introduction: Glycemic control is important in diabetes mellitus to minimize the progression of
the disease and the risk of potentially devastating complications. Inhibition of the sodium …

Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide, and an essential source of energy for most
living cells. Glucose transport across the cell membrane is mediated by two types of …

Diabetes increases the reabsorption of Na+ (TNa) and glucose via the sodium-glucose
cotransporter SGLT2 in the early proximal tubule (S1-S2 segments) of the renal cortex …

Abstract Purpose of Review Autophagy promotes cellular health in response to various
cellular stresses and to changes in nutrient conditions. In this review, we focus on the role of …

Opinion statement This review provides mechanistic insight in the pleiotropic effects of
sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors with particular interest to the …

The sodium‐glucose co‐transporters (SGLTs) are responsible for the tubular reabsorption of
filtered glucose from the kidney into the bloodstream. The inhibition of SGLT2‐mediated …