Benchmarks provide context and are a critical element of all ecological assessments. Over
the last 25 y, hundreds of papers have been published on various aspects of ecological …

We review some of the classic literature on geomorphology and ecology of streams in an
effort to examine how theoretical developments in these aquatic sciences have influenced …

Process-based classification of rivers is widely used for assessing the effects of past
landscape disturbance, current biophysical conditions, and likely responses to future …

Lakes and rivers are intimately connected in an alternating series of lentic and lotic reaches
in many regions. The study of lakes and their outlets in hierarchical and branching river …

Viewing river systems within a landscape context is a relatively new and rapidly developing
approach to river ecology. Although the linkages among landscapes and associated …

Zorn, Troy G., Paul W. Seelbach, and Edward S. Rutherford, 2012. A Regional‐Scale Habitat
Suitability Model to Assess the Effects of Flow Reduction on Fish Assemblages in Michigan …

Coolwater streams, which are intermediate in character between coldwater “trout” streams
and more diverse warmwater streams, occur widely in temperate regions but are poorly …

Classifications that group rivers and streams with similar ecological characteristics are used
increasingly to underpin conservation and resource management planning. Uses include …

Stream classifications are important for understanding stream ecosystem diversity while also
serving as tools for aquatic conservation and management. With current rates of land and …

Managing the world's largest and most complex freshwater ecosystem, the Laurentian Great
Lakes, requires a spatially hierarchical basin-wide database of ecological and …