Opium smoking has been a common practice in Iran for many years, with people often
smoking for long hours. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in opium …

Background. Performing skilful movement patterns during sport practice sessions and real
competition can cause negative adaptations in the musculoskeletal system. Objectives. The …

Background: Many studies have shown that non-ergonomic positioning of the spine is one of
the main causes of postural deformity. In this regard, opium smoking requires sitting in non …

Opium smoking for long hours and over many years is common in Iran, and the Covid-19
pan-demic and false beliefs about the protective effects of that opium against COVID-19 …

Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 30 wrestlers, 30 Wushu
athletes and 30 non-athlete subjects in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. Kyphosis and …

Objective: Intense training and competition lead to fatigue and muscular imbalance in
wrestlers that cause postural abnormalities. Thus, it is essential to identify these changes …

3. Results According to tables 1 and 2, the forward head angle in Greco-Roman and
Chookheh style wrestlers was lower than in freestyle wrestlers (P< 0.001). Forward shoulder …

Background and Aim: Athletes of different sports require constant trainings and
strengthening of certain muscles in order to achieve higher levels of performance and …

Background and Aims: The ability to anticipate the injury is as important as its assessment
and treatment; thus, it is recommended to include the analysis of performance in pre-season …

Opioid use disorder has increased in the world in recent years and Iran ranks first in terms of
opium smoking in the world. In fact, opium smoking by traditional methods, in addition to …