The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines has been published
for personal and educational use only. No commercial use is authorized. No part of the ESC …

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart malformation and can
be detected during the prenatal and postnatal period, in childhood, and in adulthood …

Interventions in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) focus on surgical and
percutaneous interventions in light of rapidly evolving ACHD clinical practice. To bring rigour …

Врожденные пороки сердца занимают ведущее место среди заболеваний сердечно-
сосудистой системы во всех странах, независимо от географического положения …

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a hole between the ventricles. They are characterized
into anatomic types based on their location relative to the components of the right ventricle …

Objective Ventricular septal defects (VSDs), if haemodynamically important, are closed
whereas small shunts are left without intervention. The long-term prognosis in congenital …

Background Transcatheter perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) closure
remains challenging and is seldom used in France given the risk of atrioventricular block …

Objectives: Studies evaluating the long-term outcome of adults with ventricular septal defect
(VSD) are important to inform patients about prognosis. This study investigated the long-term …

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most common congenital heart defects in humans.
Despite several studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in ventricular septum (VS) …

Children with ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are subjected to hemodynamic overload
which causes myocardial injury and subsequent heart failure. Early stages of myocardial …