Peptides are fragments of proteins that carry out biological functions. They act as signaling
entities via all domains of life and interfere with protein-protein interactions, which are …

The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed over the last 20 years. All
immunotherapeutic drugs target relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and it still remains a …

Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite advances in treatment
options for patients. As such, safe and effective therapeutics are required. Short peptides …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized antigen presenting cells of the immune system
which play a key role in regulating immune responses. Depending on the method of antigen …

The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is a favorable prognostic factor in breast
cancer, but what drives immune infiltration remains unknown. Here we examine if clonal …

The role for adjuvants in human vaccines has been a matter of vigorous scientific debate,
with the field hindered by the fact that for over 80 years, aluminum salts were the only …

Introduction A correlation between new coronaviruses and host immunity, as well as the role
of defective immune function in host response, would be extremely helpful in understanding …

Probiotic bacteria have beneficial effects to the development and maintenance of a healthy
microflora that subsequently has health benefits to humans. Some of the health benefits …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in young
adults, with early clinical symptoms seen in the central nervous system (CNS) myelin …

The balance among different CD4+ T cell subsets is crucial for repairing the injured spinal
cord. Dendritic cell (DC)‐derived small extracellular vesicles (DsEVs) effectively activate T …