Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of
environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling …

Receptor kinases (RKs) are of paramount importance in transmembrane signaling that
governs plant reproduction, growth, development, and adaptation to diverse environmental …

Plants deploy numerous cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to
perceive host-and microbe-derived molecular patterns that are specifically released during …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are ubiquitous signaling modules in
eukaryotes. Early research of plant MAPKs has been focused on their functions in immunity …

As sessile organisms, plants have developed specific mechanisms that allow them to rapidly
perceive and respond to stresses in the environment. Among the evolutionarily conserved …

Detailed functional analyses of many fundamentally important plant genes via conventional
loss-of-function approaches are impeded by the severe pleiotropic phenotypes resulting …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK) cascades are key signaling modules that
regulate plant immunity. ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE1 (EDR1) encodes a Raf-like …

The sensing of stress signals and their transduction into appropriate responses is crucial for
the adaptation and survival of plants. Kinase cascades of the mitogen-activated protein …

Many changes in environmental conditions and hormones are mediated by MAPK (mitogen-
activated protein kinase) cascades in all eukaryotes, including plants. Studies of MAPK …

Stomata are specialized epidermal structures that regulate gas (CO2 and O2) and water
vapor exchange between plants and their environment. In Arabidopsis thaliana, stomatal …