Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large group of chaperones found in most eukaryotes and
bacteria. They are responsible for the correct protein folding, protection of the cell against …

Stress proteins (SPs) including heat-shock proteins (HSPs), RNA chaperones, and ER
associated stress proteins are molecular chaperones essential for cellular homeostasis. The …

Objectives Understanding the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) mode of host cell recognition
may help to fight the disease and save lives. The spike protein of coronaviruses is the main …

SARS-CoV-2 has been emerged in December 2019 in China, causing deadly (5% mortality)
pandemic pneumonia, termed COVID-19. More than one host-cell receptor is reported to be …

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, periodic recurrence of viral infections, and the
emergence of challenging variants has created an urgent need of alternative therapeutic …

Background Glucose regulating protein 78 (GRP78) is one member of the Heat Shock
Protein family of chaperone proteins (HSPA5) found in eukaryotes. It acts as the master of …

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are constitutively expressed under physiological conditions in
most organisms but their expression can significantly enhance in response to four types of …

The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the global health crisis of the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. No evidence is yet available for CoV infection into …

Direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) represent a class of drugs targeting viral proteins and
have been demonstrated to be very successful in combating viral infections in clinic …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a β-coronavirus,
is the cause of the recently emerged pandemic and worldwide outbreak of respiratory …