It has long been appreciated that the Gram-negative outer membrane acts as a permeability
barrier, but recent studies have uncovered a more expansive and versatile role for the outer …

The first steps in phage lysis involve a temporally controlled permeabilization of the
cytoplasmic membrane followed by enzymatic degradation of the peptidoglycan. For …

Monoderm bacteria possess a cell envelope made of a cytoplasmic membrane and a cell
wall, whereas diderm bacteria have and extra lipid layer, the outer membrane, covering the …

Antibiotics have the remarkable power to control bacterial infections. Unfortunately,
widespread use, whether regarded as prudent or not, has favored the emergence and …

Gram-negative bacteria have a tripartite cell envelope with the cytoplasmic membrane (CM),
a stress-bearing peptidoglycan (PG) layer, and the asymmetric outer membrane (OM) …

Contractile injection systems (CISs) are phage tail-related structures that are encoded in
many bacterial genomes. These devices encompass the cell-based type VI secretion …

Appearance of pathogenic bacteria resistant to most, if not all, known antibiotics is currently
one of the most significant medical problems. Therefore, development of novel antibacterial …

All sequencing projects of bacteriophages (phages) should seek to report an accurate and
comprehensive annotation of their genomes. This article defines 14 questions for those new …

Conspectus Water security to protect human lives and support sustainable development is
one of the greatest global challenges of this century. While a myriad of water pollutants can …

Background Spanins are phage lysis proteins required to disrupt the outer membrane.
Phages employ either two-component spanins or unimolecular spanins in this final step of …