The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) from the GFP family have become indispensable as marker tools
for imaging live cells, tissues and entire organisms. A wide variety of these proteins have …

1. INTRODUCTION The discovery of Anthozoa homologues of the green fluorescent protein
(GFP) from jellyfish Aequorea victoria, which emit not only green but also yellow, orange …

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is transforming our ability to characterize cells,
particularly rare cells that are often overlooked in bulk population analytical approaches …

In the last decade, a number of red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) that emit orange, red, and far-
red fluorescence have been isolated from anthozoans (corals), and developed through …

Advanced fluorescence imaging, including subdiffraction microscopy, relies on fluorophores
with controllable emission properties. Chief among these fluorophores are the …

Advanced imaging techniques crucially depend on the labels used. In this work, we present
the structure-guided design of a fluorescent protein that displays both reversibly …

Highlights•Basic principles and specific photochemical reactions in fluorescent proteins are
described.•Irreversible and reversible light-induced chromophore transformations are …

In proteins, functional divergence involves mutations that modify structure and dynamics.
Here we provide experimental evidence for an evolutionary mechanism driven solely by …

This review aims to summarize our current state of knowledge of several post-translational
modification mechanisms known to yield red fluorescence in the family of GFP-like (green …