Mitochondria are a main source of cellular energy. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is
the major process of aerobic respiration. Enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain …

Metformin is the most widely prescribed drug to treat patients with type II diabetes, for whom
retrospective studies suggest that metformin may have anticancer properties. However, in …

INTRODUCTION Complex I is the first and, with 45 subunits and a total mass of~ 1 MDa, the
most elaborate of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain enzymes. Complex I converts …

The molecular mode of action of biguanides, including the drug metformin, which is widely
used in the treatment of diabetes, is incompletely characterized. Here, we define the …

Mitochondria have emerged as key participants in and regulators of myocardial injury during
ischemia and reperfusion. This review examines the sites of damage to cardiac …

Low levels of physical activity and the presence of obesity are associated with mitochondrial
dysfunction. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with the …

Metformin, one of the oldest oral antidiabetic agents and still recommended by almost all
current guidelines as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has become …

Certain subtypes of cancer cells require oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to survive.
Increased OXPHOS dependency is frequently a hallmark of cancer stem cells and cells …

Complex I is one of the major respiratory complexes, conserved from bacteria to mammals. It
oxidises NADH, reduces quinone and pumps protons across the membrane, thus playing a …

In the context of myocardial infarction, the burst of superoxide generated by reverse electron
transport (RET) at complex I in mitochondria is a crucial trigger for damage during …