The aim of systems biology is to describe and understand biology at a global scale where
biological functions are recognised as a result of complex mechanisms that happen at …

Understanding the functioning of biological systems depends on tackling complexity
spanning spatial scales from genome to organ to whole organism. The basic unit of life, the …

We argue that, despite the fact that the field of multiscale modelling and simulation has
enjoyed significant success within the past decade, it still holds many open questions that …

The inherent complexity of biomedical systems is well recognized; they are multiscale,
multiscience systems, bridging a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. While the …

The inherent complexity of biomedical systems is well recognized; they are multi-scale, multi-
science systems, bridging a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. This article reviews …

Abstract We present the Multiscale Coupling Library and Environment: MUSCLE 2. This
multiscale component-based execution environment has a simple to use Java, C++, C …

Inherently complex problems from many scientific disciplines require a multiscale modeling
approach. Yet its practical contents remain unclear and inconsistent. Moreover, multiscale …

In the last few decades, multiscale modelling has emerged as one of the dominant
modelling paradigms in many areas of science and engineering. Its rise to dominance is …

In-stent restenosis, the maladaptive response of a blood vessel to injury caused by the
deployment of a stent, is a multiscale system involving a large number of biological and …

Recent multiscale applications require more and more often the coupling of many sub-
models, usually originating form different fields of science. Therefore, it is increasingly …