Study Design. Review and reinterpretation of existing literature. Objective. To suggest how
intervertebral disc degeneration might be distinguished from the physiologic processes of …

Study Design. A review of current knowledge and opinions concerning the biologic changes
that take place during development, maturation and degeneration of the intervertebral disc …

Authored by experts of international renown, the new edition of The Biomechanics of Back
Pain forms a bridge between the latest research and the effective clinical management of …

The purpose of this review was to evaluate data generated by animal models of
intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration published in the last decade and show how this has …

Study Design. We evaluated the degenerative changes to rat tail vertebral discs induced by
percutaneous needle puncture, and we compared 2 puncture styles for the depth of needle …

Study Design. A review of the literature on macromechanical factors that accelerate disc
degeneration with particular focus on distinguishing the roles of immobilization and …

Loading is important to maintain the balance of matrix turnover in the intervertebral disc
(IVD). Daily cyclic diurnal assists in the transport of large soluble factors across the IVD and …

Previous experimental and analytical studies of solute transport in the intervertebral disc
have demonstrated that for small molecules diffusive transport alone fulfils the nutritional …

Low back pain (LBP) is a chronic condition that can affect up to 80% of the global
population. It is the number one cause of disability worldwide and has enormous …

Background Rats are a widely accepted preclinical model for evaluating intervertebral disc
(IVD) degeneration and regeneration. IVD morphology is commonly assessed using …