In today's global economy, most people all over the world need to speak a second language
(L2) for study, work, or social purposes. Assessment of speaking, either in the classroom or …

Second language (L2) fluency is an exciting and fast-moving field of research, with clear
practical applications in language teaching. This book provides a lively overview of the …

This state-of-the-art paper discusses common approaches to the assessment of pragmatic
competence. Two approaches have dominated the assessment practice in the field of …

If extraneous information leads listeners to biased judgements, then their speech
perceptions are likely to manifest distortion in that direction. This phenomenon is known as …

Speaking ability is regarded as among the essential aspects of language development. Oral
examination appeared challenging to evaluate due to the presence of human evaluators …

Evaluating candidates' answers in speaking skill is difficult and rarely explored. This task is
challenging and can bring inconsistency in the rating quality among raters, especially in …

Although international students often report satisfaction with their studies and view Canada
as being tolerant and multicultural, increasing anti-Asian sentiment triggered by the global …

English-medium instruction (EMI) programs are increasingly established at traditionally non-
Anglophone universities as part of universities' internationalization policies and strategies …

This study set out to examine existence of a shared-dialect effect, a phenomenon that when
a rater shares the same dialect with a candidate, the rater is more likely to give the candidate …

Although theoretical conceptions of voice vary, researchers now generally agree on its
amalgamated and dialogical nature, highlighting the interplay among the reader, the writer …