Recent advances in synthetic biology and materials science have given rise to a new form of
materials, namely engineered living materials (ELMs), which are composed of living matter …

Electroactive bacteria produce or consume electrical current by moving electrons to and
from extracellular acceptors and donors. This specialized process, known as extracellular …

Real-time chemical sensing is crucial for applications in environmental and health
monitoring. Biosensors can detect a variety of molecules through genetic circuits that use …

Wearable electronic devices are playing a rapidly expanding role in the acquisition of
individuals' health data for personalized medical interventions; however, wearables cannot …

Communities of microbes play important roles in natural environments and hold great
potential for deploying division-of-labor strategies in synthetic biology and bioproduction …

Bioelectronics, which converges biology and electronics, has attracted great attention due to
their vital applications in human–machine interfaces. While traditional bioelectronic devices …

Biology leverages a range of electrical phenomena to extract and store energy, control
molecular reactions and enable multicellular communication. Microbes, in particular, have …

Microorganisms are a promising means to address many societal sustainability challenges
owing to their ability to thrive in diverse environments and interface with the microscale …

Microbial communication can drive coordinated functions through sensing, analyzing and
processing signal information, playing critical roles in biomanufacturing and life evolution …

In this second part of our survey on experimental research in Synthetic Molecular
Communication (SMC), we review works on long-range SMC systems, ie, systems with …