X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide femtosecond X-ray pulses suitable for pump–
probe time-resolved studies with a femtosecond time resolution. Since the advent of the first …

The structure of a protein is closely related to its biological function. In this regard, structural
changes, as well as static structures, have been scrutinized as essential elements in …

Time-resolved X-ray diffraction provides direct information on three-dimensional structures
of reacting molecules and thus can be used to elucidate structural dynamics of chemical and …

Severe complications associated with EV71 infections are a common cause of neonatal
death. Lack of effective therapeutic agents for these infections underlines the importance of …

Cytochrome c (cyt c) has long been utilized as a model system to study metalloprotein
folding dynamics and the interplay between active site ligation and tertiary structure …

We present a brief review of studies of the relative stability of canonical vs. zwitterionic forms
of amino acids and dipeptides under the influence of gas phase hydration. Focus is given on …

Real-time probing of structural transitions of a photoactive protein is challenging owing to
the lack of a universal time-resolved technique that can probe the changes in both global …

Time‐resolved x‐ray liquidography (TRXL) is a powerful technique to study molecular
structural dynamics in the solution phase. Typically, a TRXL experiment is conducted during …

The quaternary transition between the relaxed (R) and tense (T) states of heme-binding
proteins is a textbook example for the allosteric structural transition. Homodimeric …

Protein structure determination at the atomic level is an essential step for understanding
protein functions and developing new drugs. However, growing crystals of sufficient quality …