Down syndrome is the most common form of intellectual disability and results from one of the
most complex genetic perturbations that is compatible with survival, trisomy 21. The study of …

The brain noradrenergic system supplies the neurotransmitter norepinephrine throughout
the brain via widespread efferent projections, and plays a pivotal role in modulating …

Animal models of Down syndrome (DS), trisomic for human chromosome 21 (HSA21) genes
or orthologs, provide insights into better understanding and treatment options. The only …

Extensive neuropathological studies have established a compelling link between
abnormalities in structure and function of subcortical monoaminergic (MA-ergic) systems …

Aside from its roles in as a classical neurotransmitter involved in regulation of behavior,
noradrenaline (NA) has other functions in the CNS. This includes restricting the …

Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic disorder leading to intellectual disabilities
and is caused by three copies of human chromosome 21. Mouse models are widely used to …

Improved medical care of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) has led to an increase in life
expectancy to over the age of 60 years. In conjunction, there has been an increase in age …

Trisomy for human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) results in Down syndrome (DS). The finished
human genome sequence provides a thorough catalog of the genetic elements whose …

Although mitochondrial disorders are clinically heterogeneous, they frequently involve the
central nervous system and are among the most common neurogenetic disorders …

Neurocognitive assessment in individuals with intellectual disabilities requires a well-
validated test battery. To meet this need, the Arizona Cognitive Test Battery (ACTB) has …