Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is an important mechanism leading to post ischemic
stroke damage. After acute stroke, the sudden reduction in cerebral blood flow is most …

Studying the complex molecular mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is
crucial for developing new therapies for TBI. Current treatments for TBI are primarily focused …

The neurotransmitters glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmit synaptic signals
by activating fast-acting ligand-gated ion channels and more slowly acting G-protein …

Oxidative stress has emerged as a key deleterious factor in brain ischemia and reperfusion.
Malfunction of the oxidative respiratory chain in mitochondria combines with the activation of …

Membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) are a family of scaffold proteins that are
highly enriched in synapses and are responsible for organizing the numerous protein …

When characterizing biomolecular interactions, avidity, is an umbrella term used to describe
the accumulated strength of multiple specific and unspecific interactions between two or …

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ligand-gated ion channels
('ionotropic'receptors) activated by the major excitatory neurotransmitter, l-glutamate. While …

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the most difficult to treat, mainly
because the vast majority of the drugs fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or to reach …

PDZ domains are highly abundant protein–protein interaction modules and are often found
in multidomain scaffold proteins. PDZ-domain-containing scaffold proteins regulate multiple …

Cellular signaling is often propagated by multivalent interactions. Multivalency creates
avidity, allowing stable biophysical recognition. Multivalency is an attractive strategy for …