Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are highly versatile signalling molecules that control various
important biological processes in bacteria. The best-studied example is cyclic di-GMP (c-di …

Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

To maintain protein homeostasis, AAA+ proteolytic machines degrade damaged and
unneeded proteins in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. This process involves the ATP …

The striking multiplicity, signal input diversity, and output specificity of c-di-GMP signaling
proteins in many bacteria has brought second messenger signaling back onto the agenda of …

For an organism to survive, it must be able to sense its environment and regulate
physiological processes accordingly. Understanding how bacteria integrate signals from …

The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa effectively colonizes host
epithelia using pili as primary adhesins. Here we uncover a surface-specific asymmetric …

When bacteria encounter surfaces, they respond with surface colonization and virulence
induction. The mechanisms of bacterial mechanosensation and downstream signaling …

Bacteria thrive both in liquids and attached to surfaces. The concentration of bacteria on
surfaces is generally much higher than in the surrounding environment, offering bacteria …

Regulated proteolysis is a vital process that affects all living things. Bacteria use energy-
dependent AAA+ proteases to power degradation of misfolded and native regulatory …

The second messenger bis-(3′–5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP)
has emerged as a broadly conserved intracellular signaling molecule. This soluble molecule …