Many countries introduced the requirement to wear masks in public spaces for containing
SARS-CoV-2 making it commonplace in 2020. Up until now, there has been no …

Due to its pivotal role in autonomic networks and interoception, the vagus attracts continued
interest from both basic scientists and therapists of various clinical disciplines. In particular …

Breathing is regulated automatically by neural circuits in the medulla to maintain
homeostasis, but breathing is also modified by behavior and emotion. Mice have rapid …

Much of biology is rhythmical and comprises oscillators that can couple. These have
optimized energy efficiency and have been preserved during evolution. The respiratory and …

Twenty‐five years ago, a new physiological preparation called the working heart–brainstem
preparation (WHBP) was introduced with the claim it would provide a new platform allowing …

Linchpin to the entire area of psychophysiological research and discussion of the vagus is
the respiratory and cardiovascular phenomenon known as respiratory sinus arrhythmia …

The autonomic nervous system exerts a fine beat-to-beat regulation of cardiovascular
functions and is consequently involved in the onset and progression of many cardiovascular …

The cerebellum operates exploiting a complex modular organization and a unified
computational algorithm adapted to different behavioral contexts. Recent observations …

Background: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) denotes decrease of cardiac beat-to-beat
intervals (RRI) during inspiration and RRI increase during expiration, but an inverse pattern …

The rostral half of the ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and adjacent ventrolateral retropontine
region (henceforth RVLMRP) have been divided into various sectors by neuroscientists …